Its effects have been revealed to be exerted mainly through its antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects, among other mechanisms. Taurine is involved in energy metabolism in muscles, adipose. Background taurine is an antioxidant that is abundant in some common energy drinks. Pdf journal of food nutrition and dietetics taurine metabolism in. This article outlines the health benefits and potential risks of. Uses, side effects, interactions, dosage, and warning. Taurine is a type of amino acid found in many foods and often added to energy drinks. One of the major functions of taurine in the heart is the regulation of the respiratory chain. Taurine is a sulfurcontaining compound that humans synthesize from the amino acid methionine. Metabolic and chemical regulation of trna modification. Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acid analogs in the body 1. Taurine is involved in a wide variety of cellular functions, including bile salt synthesis and cholesterol metabolism, antioxidation, osmoregulation and modulation of neuronal excitability 71,72. Taurine is an important component of bile acids which aid in the absorption of fatsoluble vitamins. It im proves metabolic syndrome by ameliorat ing insulin resistance to regulate glucose metabolism.
This paper investigates the relationship between taurine and diabetic complications, patients demographic features, and biochemical parameters. Impaired energy metabolism of the taurinedeficient heart. Taurine is involved in energy metabolism in muscles. A significant reduction in myocardial taurine content leads to the development of a unique dilated, atrophic cardiomyopathy. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of taurine supplementation on muscle performance, oxidative stress, and inflammation response after eccentric exercise ee in males. Taurine has an active role in providing glucose homeostasis and diabetes causes a decline in taurine levels. If you are starting to take taurine, you may want to do it with your diet.
The diet provides most taurine either directly or by synthesis in the liver and brain from methionine or cysteine via cysteic acid or hypotaurine 2 or via cysteamine in the heart and kidney. Taurine is 2aminoethanesulfonic acid, a sulfurcontaining zwitterionic compound. Little is known about taurine metabolism in man other than that taurine. Taurine treatment prevents derangement of the hepatic. A tracer dose of 35 s taurine was administered intravenously, and the amount and chemical form of radioactivity were determined in blood, urine, bile, and feces. The purpose of this book is to disseminate current findings on taurines contribution in several organ systems. It is well known that 500 mg to 2000 mg of taurine per day significantly increases the flow of bile acids. Pdf taurine has probed to be involved in a wide range of biological processes and to provide several different important health benefits. Knowledge on human taurine metabolism is scarce and only described by arterialvenous differences across a single organ. Taurine is an amino sulfonic acid, but it is often referred to as an amino acid, a chemical that is a required building block of protein. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism.
The relationship between plasma taurine levels and. Impact of taurine on red blood cell metabolism and. Metabolism of taurine in microorganisms a primer in molecular biodiversity. Taurine metabolism in man was defined by an isotope dilution technique during normal taurine intake five subjects or increased taurine intake two subjects. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that taurine deficiencymediated defects in. Effects and mechanisms of taurine as a therapeutic agent ncbi. These results indicated that taurine supplementation probably influenced the amino acid, protein metabolism, and lipid metabolism of grouper. Here we hypothesized that the antioxidant activity of taurine in red blood cells rbcs could be leveraged to coun. Keywords taurine respiratory chain palmitate metabolism glucose oxidation atp production melas introduction taurine is a ubiquitous. Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids, and ubiquitously distributed in various organs and tissues in mammals.
Taurine can speed up your metabolism and may help burn fat. Taurine is an amino sulfonic acid that is the 2amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. Taurine, a sulfurcontaining amino acid, is a relatively nontoxic substance and a normal constituent of the human diet 1. Our laboratory recently examined plasma taurine kinetics after a single acute dose of taurine, as well as the chronic effects of 7 days of taurine supplementation on skeletalmuscle taurine content and substrate metabolism. Taurine deficiency may cause a weak energy metabolism and energy metabolism dysfunction. Pharmacokinetics of oral taurine in healthy volunteers.
Taurine also protects cells from oxidative stress in an indirect way, by restoring the levels of naturally occuring antioxidants. Taurine is present in human skeletal muscle, heart, and liver, but distribution in other tissues is not well known. Introduction taurine has probed to be involved in a wide range of biological processes and to provide several different important health benefits. In the retina, taurine is critical for photoreceptor development and. Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in mammalian tissues. In vitro evaluation of hypotaurine activity on oxidized ldl. Biochemistry and physiology of taurine and taurine. The effect of acute taurine ingestion on endurance performance and metabolism in welltrained cyclists. Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism reference pathway pathway menu organism menu pathway entry user data mapping pathway menu organism menu pathway entry user data mapping.
Pdf taurine is a sulfurcontaining compound that humans synthesize from the amino acid methionine. Long referred to as an end product of sulfur amino acid metabolism. Energy metabolism is a basic and general process, by which the body acquires and uses energy to maintain normal function, and taurine plays a vital role in energy metabolism. Many people take taurine as a supplement, and some researchers refer to it. Taurine is found in large amounts in the brain, retina, heart, and blood cells called platelets.
In large part this is due to the incorrect assignment, in 1962, of the. Theyre full of caffeine which increases the amount of energy your body uses. The amino acid was first named for the latin taurus, which means bull. Evidence of muliple taurine pools biochemical medicine, vol. Metabolism of taurine in the growing chicken sciencedirect. But using these drinks can cause problems like high blood pressure, anxiety, and sleep issues for some people.
Maclean,1 hua jiang, stefanos aivazidis, eugene kim, colin t. Taurine is rapidly emerging as one of the more interesting and ubiquitous of the amino acids. Taurine is involved in numerous biological processes. Effects of taurine supplementation following eccentric. Flavincontaining monooxygenase 1 fmo1 catalyzes the. It aids the bodys chemistry by detoxifying harmful chemicals. Recently, as we gain a better understanding of its roles in the human body not only. A sulphurcontaining amino acid, taurine has a number of biochemical roles in human metabolism. When taurines36 was injected into young chickens fed a diet slightly deficient in the sulfurcontaining amino acids, only 16 % of the s36 was excreted after 1 day and a total of 39 % 9 days after the injection. The effect of acute taurine ingestion on endurance. Taurine that conjugates with bile acid ba and mitochondrialtrna mttrna is a conditional essential amino acid in humans, similarly to cats.
Taurine is sulfur containing semiessential amino acid that has important roles in many biological processes, but its effect on glucose homeostasis, weight, growth and bone mineralization werent well defined. People can also get taurine from supplements and other dietary sources. Taurine, a conditionally essential aminosulfonic acid, is a nutrient obtained primarily from meat and seafood. Dietary taurine promotes the formation of taurocholate, a substance which increases cholesterol secretion in the bile and also supports fat metabolism in the liver. Taurine treatment prevents derangement of the hepatic gglutamyl cycle and methylglyoxal metabolism in a mouse model of classical homocystinuria. All ocular tissues contain taurine, and quantitative analysis of ocular tissue extracts of the rat eye revealed that taurine was the most abundant amino acid in the retina, vitreous, lens, cornea, iris, and ciliary body. Chemistry, biochemistry, and metabolism of taurine. Effects and mechanisms of taurine as a therapeutic agent. A tracer dose of 35staurine was administered intravenously, and the amount and chemical form of radioactivity were determined in. Within the cardiomyocyte, abundant levels of taurine are found in the cytosol and the mitochondria jong et al. Recently, as we gain a better understanding of its roles in the human body not only for bile acid synthesis and fat digestion but also in the normal development and function of the nervous, sensory, cardiovascular, reproductive. Taurinetau is known to be important for the regulation of ion fluxes in excitable tissues,especially in the heart muscle,where it is the most abundant amino acid neuromuscular disturbances are. Metabolic effect of dietary taurine supplementation on grouper. Increase your consumption of clams, shrimp, and fish, as they are high in taurine.
The effects of caffeine and energy drinks on skeletal muscle metabolism. However, taurine plasma level decreases in response to pathological conditions, suggesting an increased need. Taurine in nutrition and metabolism, the protective role of taurine, and the role of taurine in reproduction, development, and differentiation. Pdf effects of taurine on lipid metabolism and protein.